# Glossary of Terms

### PartyA

A user who creates Intents (trading requests). PartyA trades through a frontend.

### PartyB

PartyB is the TradFi term used to describe a counterparty in a Swap Agreement.

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### PartyB, Solvers, Hedgers, Counterparty or MarketMaker describe the same entity in Symmio, they describe the Executing party of a Trade contrarian to the requesting entity, which would be referred to as PartyA, Trader or User.

{% endhint %}

{% embed url="<https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/counterparty.asp>" %}

PartyB is a liquidity provider on SYMMIO who sees user “Intents” (trades) and decides whether to accept or reject them. Can hedge trades off-chain (e.g., with a centralized or decentralized broker) or choose to stay unhedged.

## Solver&#x20;

Solver is the established industry term for counterpartys in intent-based systems, PartyBs in Symmio can also be referred as Solver, it makes sense to especially refer to the onchain parts of a PartyB as "Solver", there could be Counterparties that exist as multiple entities, solvers that handle the onchain execution and MarketMakers or Hedgers that handle offchain liquidity.

### Hedger / Solver (PartyB)

A liquidity provider on SYMMIO who sees user “Intents” (trades) and decides whether to accept or reject them. Can hedge trades off-chain (e.g., with a centralized or decentralized broker) or choose to stay unhedged.

### Broker

Any external platform or strategy a Hedger uses to hedge. This could be a centralized exchange (Binance, ByBit), a DEX, an OTC desk, or even an internal algorithm. SYMMIO does not require Hedgers to hedge; it is entirely optional. Off-chain actions have no bearing on on-chain states or trust assumptions.

### Frontend Builder

A developer or team that builds a trading interface on top of SYMMIO. They deploy their own MultiAccount contract, connect to one or more Solvers, and provide the UI/UX for traders (PartyA). Examples include IntentX, Thena, and Based Markets. SYMMIO handles settlement; the frontend handles everything user-facing.

### Intent

A proposed trade from PartyA. Examples: “I want to open a LONG position for BTCUSDT at price X with quantity Y.” Hedgers see these Intents on-chain and can lock them if they meet their criteria.

### Off-Chain vs. On-Chain

SYMMIO’s on-chain contracts control positions, collateral, liquidations, etc. Off-chain hedging (if any) is the Hedger’s private business logic and does not affect the contract’s rules or solvency checks.

### Directional Exposure

If a Hedger chooses not to hedge its exposure, it is essentially taking a directional bet on the market. A fully hedged approach (1:1) is “delta-neutral,” meaning the Hedger never maintains directional exposure.

### Liquidators

Once an Intent is opened on-chain, it becomes a position. If either side (PartyA or Hedger) becomes insolvent, a liquidator can step in to close the position forcibly. No trust is placed on the Hedger’s off-chain solvency; only on-chain collateral and UPNL.

### Platform Fee:     &#x20;

Charged to PartyA upon opening a position. The hedger spread is embedded in the price.

### Liquidator Fee (LF)

Incentive for liquidators in a forced liquidation.

### Counterparty Valuation Adjustment (CVA)

Portion of notional position value paid in case one side gets liquidated and paid to the other side. Read more [here](/liquidity-provider-documentation/solver-settings/maintenance-margin-cva-calculations.md).

### Funding Rate

A periodic charge, often determined by oracles. If a Hedger or PartyA is short, they may pay a funding rate to the long side (or vice versa).&#x20;


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